technical monopoly

State should control the total asset, main productivity, technical advantage of natural monopoly industries and the property right and policy-decision right of key enterprises.

国有经济要控制自然垄断行业的总资产、主要生产能力和技术制高点，控制骨干企业的产权和经营决策权。

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On account of the advantages of law-based regulatory approach, antimonopoly law becomes the basic law regulating technical standard monopoly.

由于具有法律本位和规制方法等方面的优势，反垄断法成为了规制技术标准垄断行为的基本法律。

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In this essay, the writer tries to analyze the status quo and the consequences of technical monopoly by referring to the related real cases, and to solve the problem of lack of relative laws and regulations by using comparative method and civil fundamental principals.

本文作者通过提炼现实中存在的技术垄断案例，分析了技术垄断的现状及导致的后果，试图用比较的方法和民法基本原理来解决相关规制规范的匮乏情况。

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With the increasing close combination of technical standards and intellectual property, more and more holders of intellectual property take a free ride on technical standard, abuse the intellectual property in technical standards and put monopoly into practice vigorously.

近年来，随着技术标准与知识产权的结合日益紧密；相应地，越来越多知识产权人搭乘技术标准的便车，滥用技术标准中的知识产权，大肆实施垄断行为。

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The current technical standard monopoly mainly finds expression in the intellectual property abuse.

当前，技术标准化中的垄断行为，主要表现为知识产权滥用行为。

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Due to the technical monopoly from Nippon Steel and some other enterprises, the mechanism and technology development about oxides metallurgy are improved slowly.

由于这一技术由新日铁等少数厂家垄断，有关氧化物冶金技术的机理及其工艺开发进展比较缓慢。

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By virtual of simple structure, the price of the parallel machine tools should be much cheaper than the 5-axis linkage machining center, however, the actual price is more expensive than the 5-axis linkage machining center by view of the technical monopoly.

由于并联机床本身结构的简单性，其价格比五轴联动加工中心要便宜很多，但是由于技术上的垄断，其实际价格与五轴联动加工中心相比还要昂贵。

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Accession regulation has a different impact on technical innovation in natural monopoly industries.

准入规制对自然垄断产业技术创新的影响依据其类型而不同。

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Because of the technical monopoly abroad, we do not hold the key technology of rail grinding train.

由于国外技术垄断，目前我国还没有掌握大型钢轨打磨列车的关键技术。

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Therefore, the antimonopoly law has increasingly become the main law for regulating technical standard monopoly in various countries.

因此，反垄断法日益成为各国规制技术标准垄断行为的基本法律。

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Accession Regulation and Technical Innovation in Natural Monopoly Industry

准入规制与技术创新：基于自然垄断行业的经验分析

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The study concludes that the municipal water has basic natures of coupling, integration, level variation and dynamic, and economic and technical characteristics of regional monopoly, quasi-public goods, externalities, capital-intensive investment and a long period of return.

研究认为城市水务产业具有耦合性、整体性、层次性和动态性的基本属性；具有区域垄断性、准公共物品性、外部性、资本密集和投资回收期长等技术经济特征。

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Analysis of Inertia in Technical Innovation of National Oligarch Monopoly Enterprises

国内寡头垄断性企业技术创新惰性分析

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With the development of technology more and more rapidly, technology monopoly issues are increasingly prominent. Whether the technology monopoly should be protected or against has been greatly argued. The practice of franchise technology monopoly or limited technical monopoly have also exposed a lot of problems.

随着技术发展越来越迅速，技术垄断问题也越来越凸显，围绕应该保护技术垄断还是反对技术垄断产生了十分激烈的争执，在特许技术垄断或限制技术垄断的实践过程中也暴露出来大量的问题。

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R& D of international corporations are the major sources of their technical innovation and technology monopoly, which have proved vital to their survival and development in the domestic and international business markets both of which are characterized by severe competition.

跨国公司的R&D是其技术创新和技术垄断的源泉，决定着其在全球的技术垄断优势，是跨国公司能否在当今日趋激烈的国际和国内市场竞争中生存、发展和壮大的关键；

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To avoid the passive status resulted from having no technical monopoly, improve the level of research and application of biochip technique in our country, research and development of the biochip scanner that holding the intellectual copyright has great significance.

为避免因没有自己的专利技术而受制于人的被动局面，提高生物芯片技术在我国的研究和应用水平，研究开发具有自主知识产权的生物芯片扫描仪，具有非常重要的意义。

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This article lists the related ideas of predecessors of exploring technology monopoly, it also analyzes some related ideas about the profound connotation of various technical monopoly, and from which we can explore the nature and the source of the various technical monopoly related thoughts.

本文列举了前人探讨技术垄断问题的相关思路，分析了各种技术垄断相关思想的深刻内涵，从中探寻了当今各种技术垄断相关思想的本质和源头。

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Because of the technical barriers and monopoly in application of industry, MPC has not been a universal industrial control algorithm. The research of embedded MPC is the breach of the MPC popularization.

由于在工业应用方面存在的技术壁垒和垄断，模型预测控制还没有普及。基于嵌入式模型预测控制系统的研究是推广模型预测控制的重要手段，也是一个新的研究领域。

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Proving the non-disclosure of patent information in technical standard to constitute monopoly or attempt to monopoly, it shall establish that: First, the proposer of technical standard misrepresents; Second, he get market power by technical standard; Third, he has intent to monopoly.

要证明技术标准中专利信息的不披露构成垄断或试图垄断，须证明标准提案人存在误述、通过技术标准获得市场力量、标准提案人存在垄断意图。

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There is a trend that the powerful companies are likely to misuse the standardization mechanism to gain technical monopoly statutes in the market place following the rise of influence standard.

随着标准对市场的影响力不断提升，开始出现强势企业滥用标准化制度获得垄断利益的苗头。

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Natural monopoly, or the overlapping concepts of "practical" and "technical" monopoly, involves a failure of competition as a restraint on producers.

垄断，或者“实际垄断”和“技术垄断”相重叠的概念，意味着“非竞争”。

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In such situations, enterprise could select some strategies including rather-minute services, segment market, rapid reaction and technical monopoly, etc.

在激烈的竞争中，企业可以选择过细服务、细分市场、快速反应和技术垄断等策略。

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The research purpose of this paper is to satisfy social needs, break foreign technical monopoly, study the PACS, realize the partial PACS in radiation department and develop the medical image diagnosis working station system of a complete PACS.

而本论文的重点是该系统中医学影像诊断工作站的研究与实现。

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International technical permission trade is a kind of commercial activities in the base of technical monopoly.

国际技术许可贸易是以知识产权制度形成的技术垄断为前提的商业活动。

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Trips will further strengthen the global monopoly position for technology owner in the-technical supply aspect, patent system will transfer this kind of technical advantage into market monopoly right.

TRIPS将进一步加强技术拥有者在技术供应方面的全球垄断地位，专利制度就要将这种技术的优势转化成为市场垄断权。

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Under such a big background, this article mainly does research on the relation between technical innovation and the monopoly structure under the knowledge economy condition.

在这样的大背景下，本文主要对知识经济条件下技术创新与垄断结构关系进行了探讨。

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